Opinión y Noticias

[ES] En este artículo se da cuenta de diversos eventos y noticias que se relacionan con el mundo de la Automática: Boletín Electrónico de Automática, Redes Temáticas de Investigación, Doctorados con "mención de calidad", Ediciones Especiales de la Revista RIAI, Actividades.Morilla, F. (2010). Opinión y Noticias. Revista Iberoamericana de Automática e Informática industrial. 1(1):70-71. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/146685OJS70711

Control Multivariable Centralizado con Desacoplo para Aerogeneradores de Velocidad Variable

ResumenEl diseño de sistemas de control para aerogeneradores de velocidad variable representa un reto importante ya que se trata de procesos multivariables no lineales, con fuertes perturbaciones, diversas restricciones y gran interacción entre sus variables. Bajo este escenario se debe generar eficientemente la potencia eléctrica y al mismo tiempo regular la velocidad de giro de la turbina. En este trabajo se proponen varios esquemas de control multivariable, con el objetivo de mejorar el rendimiento de los aerogeneradores atenuando los efectos de la interacción entre sus variables. La solución propuesta se basa en controladores PID con diseños del tipo descentralizado, centralizado con diversas redes de desacoplo y un esquema con cuatro PI. El comportamiento del aerogenerador se describe mediante un modelo matemático no lineal, que se linealiza para obtener una matriz de funciones de transferencia, a partir de la cual se diseñan los controladores. Finalmente se realiza un análisis comparativo para determinar qué controlador presenta mejores resultados, aplicando perturbaciones con un modelo de la velocidad del viento y cambios aleatorios de la carga eléctrica

Inverted decoupling internal model control for square stable multivariable time delay systems

Accepted manuscriptThis paper presents a new tuning methodology of the main controller of an internal model control structure for n×n stable multivariable processes with multiple time delays based on the centralized inverted decoupling structure. Independently of the system size, very simple general expressions for the controller elements are obtained. The realizability conditions are provided and the specification of the closed-loop requirements is explained. A diagonal filter is added to the proposed control structure in order to improve the disturbance rejection without modifying the nominal set-point response. The effectiveness of the method is illustrated through different simulation examples in comparison with other works

An extended approach of inverted decoupling

This paper presents an extension of the inverted decoupling approach that allows for more flexibility in choosing the transfer functions of the decoupled apparent process. In addition, the expressions of the inverted decoupling are presented for general n × n processes, highlighting that the complexity of the decoupler elements is independent of the system size. The realizability conditions are stated in order to select a proper configuration, and the different possible cases for each configuration are shown. Comparisons with other works demonstrate the effectiveness of this methodology, through the use of several simulation examples and an experimental lab process

La alfabetización en Educación Infantil como práctica social en zonas en riesgo de exclusión social

La alfabetización en espacios urbanos en los que concurren situaciones estructurales de pobreza y marginación social requiere de un conocimiento profundo de las prácticas y eventos que tienen lugar en dichos espacios. Esta investigación describe los eventos alfabetizadores y su valor social en los dominios hogar, escuela, barrio y otras comunidades. Se ha desarrollado según un enfoque etnográfico colaborativo con un diseño de estudio de casos múltiples, representados por tres centros de Educación Infantil de la provincia de Sevilla. La recogida de información se ha realizado mediante entrevistas, observación participante, documentos, fotografías y vídeos, y ha concluido con la construcción de mapping. El análisis crítico del discurso y la perspectiva aportada por los Nuevos Estudios de Literacidad (NEL) han servido de referente para el análisis de la información recogida. Los resultados muestran que el desarrollo de la alfabetización puede ser explicado a partir del modo en que se interiorizan los valores sociales de la lectura y la escritura. El valor concedido a la alfabetización en diferentes dominios se convertirá en un factor clave de la escolarización y en un referente del contenido del discurso y de los modos y medios elegidos para comunicarlo.Literacy in urban spaces where there are structural and social risks requires a thorough knowledge of the practices and events that take place in these spaces. The research carried out aims to describe the literacy events and its social value in home domain, school, neighbourhood and other communities. The research has been developed according to a collaborative ethnographic approach with a multiple case study design. The cases are represented by three Pre-school schools of the province of Seville. The collection of information has been done through interviews, participant observation, written documents, photographs, and videos, and has concluded with the construction of mapping. The critical analysis of the discourse and the theoretical perspective provided by the New Literacy Studies (NLS) have been used to analyse the information collected. The results of this study show that the development of literacy can be explained by the way in which each of the children interferes with the social values of reading and writing. The value accorded to literacy at home, in school, in the neighbourhood and in other communities becomes a key factor in their schooling and, in the medium term, in a reference of the content of their discourse and the ways and means chose to communicate it

Multivariable PID control by decoupling

This paper presents a new methodology to design multivariable PID controllers based on decoupling control. The method is presented for general n×n processes. In the design procedure, an ideal decoupling control with integral action is designed to minimize interactions. It depends on the desired open loop processes that are specified according to realizability conditions and desired closed loop performance specifications. These realizability conditions are stated and three common cases to define the open loop processes are studied and proposed. Then, controller elements are approximated to PID structure. From a practical point of view, the windup problem is also considered and a new anti-windup scheme for multivariable PID controller is proposed. Comparisons with other works demonstrate the effectiveness of the methodology through the use of several simulation examples and an experimental lab process

Centralized multivariable control by simplified decoupling

This paper presents a generalized formulation of simplified decoupling to n×n processes that allows for different configurations depending on the decoupler elements set to unity. To apply this decoupling method, the realizability conditions are stated. Then, from the previous decoupling in combination with a decentralized control, the formulation of a centralized control by simplified decoupling is developed. After reducing the controller, this last proposed method is modified to a multivariable PID control. From an implementation point of view, the windup problem is addressed for these methods, and an anti-windup scheme for multivariable PID controllers is proposed. Comparisons with other works demonstrate the effectiveness of these methodologies, through the use of several simulation examples and an experimental lab process